Cold room condensing unit is a very important type of commercial refrigeration equipment, dan ia berkait rapat dengan kehidupan kita. Sama ada sayur, buah-buahan, ais krim, makanan laut, atau tempat tujuan khas, seperti penyimpanan sejuk perubatan, pengangkutan rantai sejuk, dan lain-lain., ia mesti digunakan, jadi pada asasnya anda mesti mempunyai pemahaman yang komprehensif tentang unit pemeluwapan bilik sejuk.
Perhatian: This guide suits cold room wholesalers, installers, project contractors, and businesses that need their own refrigeration systems.
It explains what a cold room condensing unit is, how its main components work, how to install and commission it.
It also helps readers understand key operating points and the market trend of refrigerant replacement, so they can make better technical and purchasing decisions.
Functions of Condensing Unit Components
Pemampat
Ia memainkan peranan memampatkan dan memacu bahan pendingin dalam litar penyejuk. Compressor extracts the refrigerant from the low-pressure area and compresses it, kemudian dihantar ke kawasan tekanan tinggi untuk penyejukan dan pemeluwapan.
Ia mengeluarkan haba ke udara melalui sirip penyejuk udara, sementara itu, bahan pendingin juga berubah daripada keadaan gas kepada cecair, dan akhirnya tekanan meningkat.
Pemampat
Pemeluwap
It’s one of the main heat exchange equipment in the Refrigeration system of the cold storage, digunakan untuk menyejukkan wap penyejuk suhu tinggi yang dilepaskan daripada pemampat storan sejuk, atau memekatkannya menjadi cecair bertekanan tinggi.
Pemeluwap
Injap solenoid
1. Elakkan cecair penyejuk bertekanan tinggi daripada memasuki penyejat apabila pemampat ditutup, elakkan tekanan rendah daripada terlalu tinggi apabila pemampat berjalan pada masa akan datang, sementara itu menghalang pemampat daripada terkena cecair.
2. Apabila suhu storan sejuk mencapai nilai yang ditetapkan, termostat mula berfungsi, manakala injap solenoid kehilangan kuasa, dan pemampat berhenti apabila tekanan rendah mencapai nilai penutupan yang ditetapkan. Apabila suhu di dalam bilik sejuk naik semula kepada nilai yang ditetapkan, termostat berfungsi, dan injap solenoid juga berfungsi. Pemampat bermula apabila tekanan rendah meningkat kepada nilai set pemampat.
Injap solenoid
Pelindung Voltan Tinggi dan Rendah
Elakkan tekanan tinggi daripada terlalu tinggi dan tekanan rendah terlalu rendah, untuk melindungi pemampat.
Pelindung Voltan Tinggi dan Rendah
Termostat
Setaraf dengan otak simpanan sejuk, yang mengawal pembukaan dan pemberhentian penyejukan, nyahbeku, dan pembukaan dan pemberhentian peminat.
Termostat
Penapis Pengering
Penapisan kekotoran dan lembapan dalam sistem.
Penapis Pengering
Pelindung Tekanan Minyak
Pastikan pemampat mempunyai minyak pelincir yang mencukupi.
Pelindung Tekanan Minyak
Injap Pengembangan Terma
Juga dipanggil “injap pendikit”, yang boleh menjadikan tekanan tinggi dan rendah sistem membentuk perbezaan tekanan yang besar, supaya cecair penyejuk bertekanan tinggi di alur keluar injap pengembangan cepat mengembang dan menyejat, menyerap haba di udara melalui dinding tiub, dan bertukar-tukar sejuk dan panas.
Injap Pengembangan Termostatik (TXV)
How TXV works
Pemisah Minyak
Mengasingkan minyak pelincir dalam stim tekanan tinggi (dilepaskan daripada pemampat penyejukan) untuk memastikan operasi peranti yang selamat dan cekap.
Mengikut prinsip pemisahan minyak dengan mengurangkan kelajuan aliran udara dan menukar arah aliran udara, zarah minyak dalam wap tekanan tinggi diasingkan di bawah tindakan graviti.
Secara amnya, apabila halaju udara di bawah 1m/s, boleh memisahkan zarah minyak >0.2diameter mm (terkandung dalam wap).
Pemisah Minyak
Injap Pengatur Tekanan Penyejat
Elakkan tekanan penyejat (dan suhu penyejatan) daripada jatuh di bawah nilai yang ditentukan. Kadangkala laraskan tekanan penyejat untuk menyesuaikan perubahan beban.
Injap Pengatur Tekanan Penyejat
Gabenor Peminat
Mainly used for the speed regulation of the outdoor air-cooled condenser fan motor, atau penyejat bilik sejuk.
Gabenor Peminat
Pemisah Gas-cecair
Untuk mengasingkan bahan pendingin dalam keadaan bercampur wap-cecair (dikembalikan oleh penyejat), dengan itu menghalang hentakan cecair pemampat.
Pemisah Gas-cecair
Kaca Penglihatan
Untuk memerhati aliran bahan pendingin. Apabila bahan pendingin berada dalam jumlah yang sesuai, hanya cecair yang akan mengalir tanpa menghasilkan buih putih; jika sistem kering, teras penglihatan berwarna hijau, jika tidak ia mungkin menjadi kuning atau warna lain.
Kaca Penglihatan
Condensing Unit Selection Guide
When you choose a condensing unit, do not look at cold room size only. Room size is just the starting point. You also need to think about your target room temperature, insulation quality, door opening frequency, and how often products move in and out.
If you choose a unit by room volume only, the process may look easy at first. But in summer, in hot areas, or in heavy-use projects, you may face slow cooling, higher power bills, or long hours of heavy compressor operation.
1. What should you check first?
Focus on these 3 key factors:
- Saiz bilik yang sejuk: It shows the rough cooling capacity you need.
- Insulation performance: Poor insulation causes faster cooling loss, so you need a larger unit.
- Target temperature: The lower the temperature, the harder the unit needs to work.
In simple words: A larger room, poorer insulation, or a lower target temperature usually needs a larger condensing unit.
2. Why can’t you choose by room size only?
Because two cold rooms with the same size may need very different units.
Sebagai contoh, one 100 m³ cold room may store drinks, open the door less often, and use good insulation. Another 100 m³ room may store frozen meat, open the door many times a day, and receive warmer products. Even if the room size stays the same, the second one needs more cooling capacity and usually needs a larger unit.
3. How do you choose different horsepower ranges?
- 1–3HP: Good for small cold rooms, small kitchen cold rooms, drinks, or flower storage.
- 3–8HP: Good for medium cold rooms, food delivery, and small food processing projects.
- 8HP and above: Good for medium and large freezer rooms, meat and seafood storage, hot regions, or high-turnover projects.
Catatan: HP is only a reference. You still need to check whether the unit can handle your cold room under real working conditions.
Energy Efficiency and COP
Many buyers look at price first and horsepower second, but energy efficiency affects long-term cost more directly. If two units can provide the same cooling result, the more efficient one usually saves more electricity over time.
1. What is COP?
You can understand COP in a simple way:
It shows how much cooling the unit can produce from one unit of electricity.
The higher the COP, the more energy the unit can save.
- A higher COP means better energy efficiency.
- A COP above 3.0 usually shows good energy-saving performance.
When you compare units, do not ask only about HP. Ask about COP too.
2. What is EER?
EER is similar to COP. It also shows energy efficiency.
Catatan: A higher EER usually means the unit can save more electricity.
3. Why do more buyers care about inverter compressors?
Inverter compressor doesn’t run at full speed all the time. When the cooling load drops, it can adjust its speed automatically. This usually helps the unit save more energy and run more smoothly than a fixed-speed unit.
4. What other energy-saving points should buyers check?
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High ambient performance: Check whether the unit loses too much performance in summer or tropical climates.
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Actual cooling capacity under real conditions: Check whether the unit can handle your real project, not just the rated data on paper.
Pemasangan dan Pentauliahan Unit Bilik Sejuk
Pemasangan Unit Penyejuk
1. Cari lokasi pemasangan terbaik
1st, you should consider the best location for air circulation to install the Unit cooler (juga dipanggil unit penyejat), 2nd, consider the direction of the cold room structure.
Gambarajah Litar Penyejuk Unit
The gap between unit cooler and cold room inside wall should be larger than evaporator thickness.
2. Ketatkan semua anduh
Tighten all the evaporator slings when installation, sementara itu tebuk dan kedap bolt & anduh dengan sealant untuk mengelakkan kebocoran udara.
Apabila penyejat terlalu berat, anda harus menggunakan No. 4 atau 5 besi sudut sebagai rasuk, dan ingat menjangkau ambang ke plat atas dan plat dinding yang lain mengikut urutan-untuk mengurangkan galas beban.
Pemasangan Unit Penyejuk
3. Arah pemasangan
Untuk maklumat lanjut tentang arah pemasangan unit penyejuk, sila semak “Unit Penyejuk” halaman pengetahuan.
Pemasangan Unit Pemeluwapan Bilik Sejuk
1. Lengkapkan dengan pemisah minyak
Kedua-dua pemampat separa hermetik dan tertutup hendaklah dilengkapi dengan pemisah minyak, dan isikan jumlah minyak yang sesuai.
Apabila suhu penyejatan lebih rendah daripada -15°C, anda harus memasang pemisah gas-cecair dengan jumlah minyak penyejukan yang sesuai.
2. Pasang tempat duduk getah pada tapak pemampat
Hendaklah memasang tempat duduk getah penyerap kejutan pada tapak pemampat, remember to reserve the maintenance space when installing the condensing unit, yang mudah untuk memerhati instrumen dan melaraskan injap.
3. Pilih diameter paip tembaga yang betul
Depend on the size of suction and discharge valve interfaces of the compressor to select the copper pipe diameter.
Anda harus meningkatkan diameter paip apabila pemisahan antara pemeluwap dan pemampat melebihi 3 meter. Apa lagi, simpan >400jarak mm antara bahagian sedutan unit pemeluwapan dan dinding, dan simpan sekurang-kurangnya 3 meter antara saluran keluar udara dan halangan.
4. Ikut papan nama
Diameter paip tangki simpanan cecair adalah berdasarkan diameter paip ekzos dan saluran keluar cecair yang ditunjukkan pada papan nama.
Saluran paip sedutan pemampat dan saluran paip balik penyejat tidak boleh lebih kecil daripada saiz yang ditunjukkan pada papan nama, untuk mengurangkan rintangan dalaman saluran paip penyejatan.
Pemasangan Unit Pemeluwapan separa hermetik
5. Paip memerlukan kecenderungan
Paip ekzos dan paip balik harus mempunyai kecenderungan tertentu.
Apabila kedudukan pemeluwap lebih tinggi daripada pemampat, paip ekzos mesti condong ke arah pemeluwap dan memasang gelang cecair pada bolong ekzos pemampat, yang boleh menghalang gas (daripada menyejukkan dan mencairkan selepas penutupan) aliran balik ke bolong ekzos tekanan tinggi, dan menyebabkan mampatan cecair apabila mesin dimulakan semula.
6. Pasang selekoh berbentuk U
Anda harus memasang selekoh berbentuk U di saluran keluar penyejat paip pulangan udara, dan garisan pemulangan udara hendaklah condong ke arah pemampat untuk memastikan pemulangan minyak lancar.
Hendaklah memasang injap pengembangan sedekat mungkin dengan penyejat!
Pasang injap solenoid secara mendatar, badan injap secara menegak, sementara itu perhatikan arah pelepasan cecair.
Kencangkan penderia suhu injap pengembangan dengan gesper logam pada 100~200mm dari alur keluar penyejat, dan bungkusnya dengan penebat dua lapis.
Pengisian Bahan Penyejuk dan Pentauliahan Sistem Penyejukan
1. Ukur bekalan kuasa
Ukur rintangan pemampat dan penebat motor.
2. Isi bahan pendingin
Selepas vakum, isikan bahan pendingin ke dalam tangki simpanan cecair secara kasar 70-80% daripada isipadu pengisian standard dan kemudian jalankan pemampat pada tekanan rendah untuk mengisi bahan pendingin ke dalam isipadu standard, akhirnya tetapkan suhu dan keadaan pembukaan injap pengembangan mengikut pembekuan dan keadaan penyimpanan sejuk.
Isikan Bahan Penyejuk ke dalam Sistem Penyejukan
3. Beri perhatian kepada bunyi yang tidak normal
Selepas menghidupkan mesin, dengar dahulu sama ada bunyi pemampat itu normal, periksa sama ada kondenser dan penyejat berjalan dengan normal dan sama ada arus pemampat stabil.
Selepas penyejukan yang stabil, periksa prestasi semua bahagian sistem penyejukan: tekanan ekzos, tekanan sedutan, suhu ekzos, suhu sedutan, suhu motor, suhu kotak engkol, suhu injap pengembangan, perhatikan pembekuan penyejat & injap pengembangan, dan perhatikan paras minyak dan jika peralatan’ bunyi tidak normal.
4. Sistem penyejukan bersih
Bahagian dalam sistem penyejukan mestilah sangat bersih, jika tidak, ia akan menyekat lubang pendikit dan laluan minyak pelincir.
Untuk sistem ammonia: Biasanya gunakan pemampat penyejukan untuk meningkatkan udara sistem, dan buang udara dengan cepat pada paras terendah setiap bekas utama (seperti pemeluwap, penyejat, tangki simpanan cecair), supaya sampah dibuang dari sistem.
Untuk sistem penyejukan freon: Biasanya menggunakan nitrogen untuk blowdown, untuk mengelakkan kelembapan udara daripada memasuki sistem.
Notis: If you want to know more about the refrigeration system cleaning, please check our POST “Cara Mengeluarkan Udara Di Dalam Sistem Penyejukan?”
Perhatian Larian Ujian
Check the system in this order: external conditions, electrical system, pemampat, sistem penyejukan, and safety protection devices.
To help installers during on-site commissioning, use the following cold room condensing unit test run checklist to check each item one by one.
| Check Item | What to Check | Standard / Requirement | Risk |
|---|---|---|---|
| Valve status | Check whether all valves stay in the correct open position, especially the discharge shut-off valve. | Open all valves correctly before test run. Don't close the discharge shut-off valve. | A closed discharge valve may cause high head pressure and may damage the compressor. |
| Condenser operating conditions | Untuk sistem yang disejukkan air, check whether the cooling water valve stays open. Untuk sistem yang disejukkan udara, check whether the fan runs and whether airflow direction is correct. | Cooling water flow or air volume must meet unit requirements. | Poor heat rejection may raise condensing pressure and reduce cooling performance. |
| Electrical control | Test the electrical control circuit separately. Check whether the power supply voltage stays normal. | The control circuit should work properly. The voltage should stay stable and match unit requirements. | Voltage problems or control failure may prevent startup or trigger false protection. |
| Compressor oil level | Check the oil level in the compressor crankcase. | Keep the oil level near the center line of the sight glass. | Low oil level may cause poor lubrication and shorten compressor life. |
| High and low pressure gauges | Check whether the high-side and low-side pressure readings stay within the normal operating range. | Pressure readings should match normal unit operating conditions. | Abnormal pressure may indicate blockage, low refrigerant charge, overcharge, or poor heat rejection. |
| Oil pressure | Check whether the oil pressure reading stays normal. | For compressors with capacity control, oil pressure should stay 0.15–0.3 MPa above suction pressure. For compressors without capacity control, oil pressure should stay 0.05–0.15 MPa above suction pressure. | Low oil pressure may cause lubrication failure and increase compressor failure risk. |
| Expansion valve operation | Listen for refrigerant flow through the expansion valve and check the line condition. | You should hear normal flow. In cold room systems, the line should show normal frosting. | No flow sound or abnormal frosting may indicate blockage, poor liquid supply, or valve failure. |
| Capacity control compressor | For compressors with an unloading device, check whether the compressor starts at full load. | The compressor should run at full load during initial startup. Check cylinder head temperature to confirm operation. | If some cylinders don't work, cooling capacity may drop. |
| Cylinder head temperature | Touch each cylinder head and compare the temperature. | A hotter cylinder head usually means the cylinder works normally. A cooler cylinder head may mean the cylinder doesn't work. | A non-working cylinder may cause low output or unstable operation. |
| Safety protection devices | Check the high and low pressure relay, oil differential pressure relay, cooling water cut-off relay, freeze protection device, safety valve, and other protection devices one by one. | All protection devices should work normally and use proper settings. | Protection failure may increase system accident risk. |
| Instrument readings | Check whether other instrument readings stay within the specified range. | All readings should stay stable without obvious fluctuation. | Abnormal readings may indicate hidden system problems. |
| Abnormal condition handling | Watch for abnormal noise, tekanan, suhu, or other unusual conditions during test run. | Stop the unit first, then find the cause. | Continued operation may make the problem worse. |
| Common fault inspection | Focus on common faults such as expansion valve blockage and filter drier blockage. | If the system runs unstably, check these common fault points first. | Blockage may cause poor liquid supply, abnormal pressure, and weak cooling. |
| System cleanliness and dryness | Confirm the system inside stays clean and dry without dirt or moisture. | Keep the system clean and dry before installation and commissioning. | Dirt and moisture may cause ice blockage, dirt blockage, and poor lubrication. |
Notis: If you find abnormal high pressure, low oil pressure, unusual noise, or frequent safety trips, stop the unit at once and inspect the system. Don’t force it to keep running.
Cold Room Unit Common Issues
During cold room unit operation, common issues may include high-pressure alarms, low-pressure faults, oil pressure problems, compressor startup failure, and expansion valve icing.
For a full troubleshooting guide, please read our detailed post “Senarai Kesalahan Bilik Sejuk dan Panduan Utama Penyelesaian Masalah”.
R404A Replacement Trend
R404A still serves many existing cold room systems, but it no longer stands out as a long-term choice for new projects.
Its high GWP brings more compliance pressure, tighter supply risk, and less predictable maintenance costs.
For wholesalers, installers, EPC contractors, and end users, refrigerant choice now affects not only system design but also operating cost and long-term market fit.
Market Trend
More cold room projects now reduce their reliance on R404A. In new installations, buyers increasingly prefer lower-GWP refrigerants that offer better long-term value.
This means that if a new project still uses R404A today, the upfront purchase may seem more straightforward, but future refrigerant refill, perkhidmatan, and compliance costs may rise.
Main Replacement Direction
From today’s market trend, R290 deserves more attention as a replacement option.
Compared with R404A, R290 offers an ultra-low GWP and stronger advantages in environmental compliance and long-term development.
For suppliers and contractors who want to improve product competitiveness, reduce future policy risk, and strengthen project value, R290 continues to gain appeal.
Namun begitu, R290 requires more than a simple refrigerant change. It demands higher standards in system design, safety rules, application planning, and installation and service capability.
Because of that, a mature R290 cold room unit solution now shows a manufacturer’s technical strength and upgrade capability.
Commercial Impact
From a business perspective, the R404A replacement trend directly affects new project configuration, product positioning, after-sales strategy, and long-term market competitiveness.
When customers choose a cold room condensing unit, they no longer focus only on unit price. They also consider whether the refrigerant matches future market trends, whether service stays convenient, and whether the project can keep its value in the years ahead.
Soalan Lazim
S1. How do I buy cold room condensing units from a Chinese manufacturer?
1. Confirm room temperature, saiz bilik, bahan penyejuk, power supply, and ambient temperature first.
2. If you need OEM or private label service, confirm logo, carton, nameplate, manuals, and controller language early.
3. Ask about MOQ, lead time, alat ganti, and after-sales support before ordering.
4. Before shipment, check the compressor brand, nameplate data, bahan penyejuk, pipe sizes, electrical setup, and wiring diagram.
5. For better safety, confirm specs first, documents second, inspection standard third, and final payment last.
S2. What should I pay attention to when I choose a condensing unit for different climates or regions?
1. For hot regions, check whether the unit supports high ambient temperatures such as 46°C, 50°C, or 52°C.
2. Pay attention to condenser size, fan performance, compressor match, and high ambient kit options.
3. For coastal or humid areas, check corrosion protection, cabinet material, and electrical box sealing.
4. For dusty areas, check airflow design and cleaning convenience.
5. A unit that matches local climate usually runs more reliably and lasts longer.
S3. What should I pay most attention to if I install the condensing unit outdoors?
Pertama, check ventilation. Then check sun protection, rain protection, and service space.
If air cannot move well around the condenser, the unit may still face high condensing pressure, lower cooling performance, and frequent summer alarms even if the configuration is correct.
S4. Will unstable voltage affect condensing unit operation?
ya, and the impact can be bigger than many buyers expect. Voltage fluctuation can affect compressor startup, contactor action, fan operation, and control system stability. In serious cases, it can also cause false safety trips or shorten the life of electrical parts.
If your local power supply is unstable, confirm the unit’s voltage and frequency range before you buy. You should also check whether you need voltage stabilization, phase sequence protection, phase loss protection, or a higher-level electrical control system.
S5. What do buyers most often overlook when they inspect the unit after it arrives on site?
Many buyers only check whether the outside looks damaged, but small details often cause bigger problems later.
When the unit arrives, do not check the appearance only. Also check the nameplate data, compressor brand and model, Jenis penyejuk, pipe connection sizes, fan quantity, power supply specification, control box configuration, and whether the shipment includes the wiring diagram and wire markings.
Kesimpulan
Kami berharap maklumat ini dapat membantu anda memahami secara ringkas unit pemeluwapan bilik sejuk, jika anda masih mempunyai sebarang masalah, can contact us directly, sentiasa di alu-alukan.
Sebarang komen?
Selamat tinggal tinggalkan mesej atau siarkan semula.
2 Jawapan
Sastera sangat mengagumkan, ia sangat baik untuk belajar daripadanya.
Tetapi saya cadangkan anda boleh memasukkan gambar rajah pemasangan dan gambar rajah litar.
okey, terima kasih atas cadangan.