Kühlraum für die Lagerung von Fisch und Meeresfrüchten – ultimativer Leitfaden

How to Choose the Right Cold Room Setup?

You rarely use only one cold room. Stattdessen, you design a combination based on your business.

1. Typical setups by business model

Wholesale market or distributor

• 1 × chilled room (0–3°C) for fresh products and short‑term storage
• 1 × frozen room (-18 to -23°C) for stock and slower turnover
• Optional: small blast freezer if you freeze fresh products yourself

Seafood processing plant

• Raw material receiving & pre‑chill area
• Processing room (10–15°C / 50–59°F)
• Explosion Gefrierschrank (-30 to -40°C)
• Frozen finished goods room (-18 to -23°C)
• Optional ultra‑low temperature room for tuna and premium products

Restaurant central kitchen or supermarket chain

• Small chilled room for fresh fish and daily use items
• Small frozen room for backup stock and semi‑finished products

2. Simple capacity planning idea

You don’t need complex formulas at the beginning. Use this simple thought process:

1. Define your maximum stock (Tonnen).

2. Use a rough storage density:

• Frozen fish in cartons: about 0.45–0.50 tons per cubic meter of product volume.

3. Add space for aisles, Luftzirkulation, und Sicherheit.

• Net usable storage volume is usually 60–70% of the room volume.

Example:

• You want to store up to 100 tons of frozen fish.

• Mit 0.5 tons/m³, you need about 200 m³ of product volume.

• If net usable is 65%, total room volume ≈ 200 / 0.65 ≈ 308 m³.

• With a 5 meter internal height, floor area ≈ 308 / 5 ≈ 62 m².

This example is only a starting point. Your installer or contractor will refine it with real product sizes, pallet layout, and local rules.

Key Design Points for Fish and Seafood Cold Rooms

This is the core part for installers, Auftragnehmer, and project owners.

1. Refrigeration system selection

You choose your refrigeration system according to:

• Required temperature (chilled, frozen, blast freezing, ultra‑low)

• Total heat load (product, infiltration, people, Beleuchtung, door opening)

• Operation pattern (24/7, batch loading, seasonal use)

Common options:

• Packaged condensing unit + ceiling‑mounted evaporator

• • Popular for small and medium cold rooms.

  • Easy to install and maintain.

• Rack system for large plants

  • Central compressor rack with multiple cold rooms connected.

  • Better efficiency for big facilities and multiple temperature zones.

Tipps:

• Use a reasonable safety margin in cooling capacity, but avoid oversizing.

• For key rooms (for example a main frozen warehouse), consider redundancy (N+1 compressors or backup units).

2. Insulation and panel selection

Good insulation reduces energy consumption and keeps stable temperature.

Typical panel details for fish and seafood projects:

Key Selection Guidelines:

• PU: Kosteneffizient, good insulation (λ=0.022 W/m·K)

• PIR: Better fire resistance, slightly higher cost

• Stainless steel skin: Essential for seafood corrosion (Salz, Blut, Feuchtigkeit)

• Local climate adjustment: + 25~50mm thickness for hot/humid regions (>35°C ambient)

3. Anti‑corrosion design for seafood environment

Fish and seafood create a high‑salt, high‑moisture, and sometimes bloody environment.

If you ignore corrosion, you will face problems in a few years.

Important measures:

• Use evaporators with anti‑corrosion coating and hydrophilic aluminum fins.

• Protect wall areas that suffer from impact or frequent washing with stainless steel or special protective plates.

• Use suitable floor coatings (for example epoxy or special anti‑corrosion, anti‑slip finishes).

• Plan drainage points and slopes to avoid standing water.

These upgrades may increase initial cost a little, but they extend service life and reduce maintenance.

4. Evaporator layout and airflow

Good airflow keeps temperature uniform and avoids warm or frozen spots.

Design ideas:

• Place evaporators so that cold air flows along aisles and between pallets, not directly against the door.

• Keep distance between evaporator and products. Avoid blocking air return.

• In blast freezers, use higher air speed to improve freezing speed, but protect products from excessive dehydration.

• Choose defrost methods (electric, hot‑gas) according to room temperature and humidity.

5. Basic capacity and size calculation

When you design the room, consider:

• Pallet size and stacking height

• Type of racking system (block stacking or pallet racking)

• Forklift or hand pallet truck operation space

• Future expansion

You can prepare these data and share them with your supplier:

• Maximum stock in tons for each product type

• Expected turnover time (how many days stock stays in the room)

• Number of pallets and pallet size

• Available building space (length, Breite, height)

6. Energy consumption and operating cost

Most owners focus only on equipment price, but energy and maintenance costs over 5–10 years are often much higher.

Main factors that affect energy consumption:

• Insulation thickness and quality

• Efficiency of compressors, Kondensatoren, and evaporators

• Door opening frequency and door type

• Defrost method and schedule

• Local ambient temperature and installation location (indoor/outdoor unit)

Common energy‑saving measures:

• Use high‑efficiency or inverter compressors and efficient condensers.

• Install strip curtains, swing doors, or high‑speed doors at frequently used openings.

• Use LED lights and turn them off automatically when no one is inside.

• Set reasonable temperature and defrost cycles to avoid over‑cooling and over‑defrosting.

NOTICE: If you want to know more information about cold storage design, please check our post“Wie man ein Kühlhaus entwirft und baut?„.