Today we will talk about normal types of refrigeration compressors, let’s dive in it.
Semi-hermetic Piston Refrigeration Compressor
Among various types of refrigeration compressors, piston compressors are the earliest and most widely used. For example, semi-hermetic piston refrigeration compressors are widely used in refrigeration equipment. Common compressor manufacturers include: Emerson, Bitzer, Sanyo, Dorin,etc.
Features: Wide pressure range and refrigeration capacity, low material requirements, mature technology, simple compressor system, but must avoid liquid strike.
There are two common faults of semi-hermetic piston refrigeration compressors: mechanical failure and electrical failure. Common mechanical failures include wear or damage of connecting rods, crankshafts, valve plates; electrical failures are more common in motor winding short circuit, open circuit and burnout.
Twin-rotor Refrigeration Compressor
Twin-rotor compressors are widely used in household appliances, and the export scale of which has been increasing year by year. The compound growth rate in recent 5 years is 12.8%. Now many air-conditioning equipment below 7 HP (horsepower) choose twin-rotor compressors.
Features: few parts and simple structure, few wearing parts and reliable operation. No suction valve plate, small clearance volume, high gas transmission coefficient, high process precision requirements, poor sealing performance, and large leakage loss.
Advantages: Good low-frequency energy efficiency ratio, not as good as scroll (compressor)high-frequency energy efficiency ratio, slightly greater noise, vibration and wear than scroll (compressor), shorter life than scroll (compressor), and difficult to achieve large displacement.
Scroll Refrigeration Compressor
Scroll compressor involved scroll rotor, scroll stator, bracket, cross coupling ring, back pressure chamber, and eccentric shaft. It divided into two types: low-pressure chamber compression and high-pressure chamber compression.
The low-pressure chamber compressor shows the entire outer shell is low temperature, and the shell cavity (except the exhaust port and the exhaust cavity) is low pressure; the high-pressure chamber compressor shows the entire outer shell is high temperature, and the shell cavity (except the intake port and the intake cavity) is high pressure.
Features: smooth operation, low vibration, quiet working environment, low noise, long life, and high EER value. They are used in refrigeration and air-conditioning systems.
Screw Refrigeration Compressor
Screw refrigeration compressor involved casing, rotor, bearing, shaft seal, balance piston, energy regulating device, etc. It has two screws with spiral teeth meshing and rotating, causing the volume between the teeth to change, thereby completing the process of suction and compression. Can adjust the cooling capacity steplessly 10% ~100%. Screw refrigeration compressors are now widely used in refrigeration and HVAC equipment.
Features: Rotor and bearings’ strength and wear resistance are relatively high; the exhaust volume is almost unaffected by the exhaust pressure; it maintains a high efficiency over a wide range of operating conditions, and can achieve stepless energy regulation and is insensitive to liquid inlet. But a large amount of liquid return can also cause compressor failure.
Centrifugal Refrigeration Compressor
Centrifugal refrigeration compressors are speed-type compressors, which are impeller-rotating equipments. They rely on high-speed rotating impellers to do work on the gas to increase the gas pressure. Refrigeration compressors with a single unit capacity ＞1,200kW are almost all centrifugal refrigeration compressors, and centrifugal compressors are generally used in large and extra-large air-conditioning equipment.
Features: Good dynamic balance, small vibration, few wear parts, long continuous operation cycle, easy to achieve multi-stage compression and throttling, variety of evaporation temperatures, can economically adjust steplessly, low efficiency when the cooling capacity is small.
Conclusion
Today, we explored five common types of refrigeration compressors, each type has unique characteristics tailored to specific applications.Understanding these differences helps to select the most appropriate compressor for optimal cooling performance.
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