Refrigerant is directly related to the refrigeration effect of refrigeration equipment even personal safety, so you should know these common refrigerants’ knowledge.
R22
R22 refrigerant is used in household air conditioner, central air conditioner, mobile air conditioner, heat pump water heater, dehumidifier, refrigerated dryer, cold room, food refrigeration equipment, marine refrigeration equipment, industrial refrigeration, commercial refrigeration, refrigeration condensing unit, supermarket display cabinets and other refrigeration equipment.
Notice: Currently R22 refrigerant has been banned in most countries and regions!
| Item | Description |
|---|---|
| Name | Monochlorodifluoromethane, or Freon R22 |
| Abbreviation | R22, HCFC-22 |
| Classification | Pure substance |
| Chemical formula | CHClF2 |
| Molecular weight | 86.5 |
| Molar mass | 86.5g/mol |
| Triple point temperature | -157℃ |
| Standard boiling point | -40.82℃ |
| Critical temperature | 96℃ |
| Critical pressure | 5MPa (absolute pressure) |
| Critical density | 0.524g/cm3 |
| Eccentricity factor | 0.22kJ (kg*℃) |
| Liquid relative density | 1.177 (20/4℃) |
| Vapor relative density (air=1) | 4.82 |
R23
R23 is a widely used ultra-low temperature refrigerant, such as environmental test chamber and equipment, freeze dryer, ultra-low temperature refrigerator or freezer, blood bank refrigerator, biochemical test chamber and other deep-freezing equipment.
It also used as a gas fire extinguishing agent, which is cleanliness, low toxicity and good fire extinguishing effect.
| Item | Description |
|---|---|
| Name | fluoroform |
| Abbreviation | R23 |
| Chemical formula | CHF3 |
| Molar mass | 86.5g/mol |
| Triple point temperature | -157℃ |
| Standard boiling point | -82.1℃ |
| Critical temperature | 25.9℃ |
| Critical pressure | 4.84MPa (absolute pressure) |
| Critical volume | 133ml/mole |
| CAS Number | 75-46-7 |
| ODP | 0 |
| GWP | 1200 |
| Evaporation potential at boiling point | 240kJ/kg |
| Specific heat | 1.55kJ/kg·℃ |
R32
R32 is a new type eco-friendly refrigerant. It doesn’t contain chlorine and therefore has no destructive effect on ozone.
However, it is flammable and explosive.
It is one of the substitutes for R22 and R410A refrigerants.
| Item | Description |
|---|---|
| Name | difluoromethane |
| Abbreviation | R32 |
| Chemical formula | CH2F2 |
| Molecular weight | 52 |
| Standard boiling point | -53℃ |
| Critical temperature | 78℃ |
| Critical pressure | 5.8MPa (absolute pressure) |
| Critical density | 0.430g/cm3 |
| CAS Number | 75-10-5 |
| ODP | 0 |
| GWP | 0.11 |
| Evaporation potential at boiling point | 390 kJ/kg |
| Specific heat | 2.35 kJ/kg·℃ |
R134a
R134a, as one most widely used medium and low temperature refrigerant, is a very effective and safe alternative to R12.
| Item | Description |
|---|---|
| Name | tetrafluoroethane |
| Abbreviation | R134a |
| Chemical formula | C2H2F4 |
| Molecular weight | 52 |
| Standard boiling point | -26.1℃ |
| Critical temperature | 101.1℃ |
| Critical pressure | 4066.6KPa |
| Critical density | 0.512g/cm3 |
| CAS Number | 811-97-2 |
| ODP | 1300 |
| GWP | 0.29 |
| Evaporation potential at boiling point | 216kJ/kg |
| Specific heat | 1.51kJ/kg·℃ |
R404a
Composition: R125, R134a, R143a. It’s one most widely used medium and low temperature refrigerant, commonly used in cold storage, food freezing equipment, marine refrigeration equipment, industrial low temperature refrigeration, commercial low temperature refrigeration, transportation refrigeration equipment (refrigerated trucks, etc.), refrigeration condensing unit, supermarket display cabinets and other refrigeration equipment.
| Item | Description |
|---|---|
| Name | Mixed refrigerant (R125, R134a, R143a) |
| Abbreviation | R404a |
| Chemical formula | HFC-404A |
| Molecular weight | 97.6 |
| Molar mass | 97.6g/mol |
| Critical temperature | 72℃ |
| Critical pressure | 3.7 MPa (absolute pressure) |
| Critical density | 0.4842g/cm3 |
| CAS Number | 354-33-6/811-97-2/420-46-2 |
| Liquid density (25℃) | 1.045g/cm3 |
| Boiling point (101.3KPa) | -46.1℃ |
| Specific heat (25℃) Kj/(kg.k) | 1.54 |
| Isobaric steam specific heat (30℃,101.3kPa) | 0.21 |
| ODP | 0 |
| GWP | 3850 |
R290
R290 is a hydrocarbon refrigerant, which is flammable and explosive! It has no damage to the ozone layer and has a very small greenhouse effect, and it’s one of the most eco-friendly refrigerant.
R290 used to replace R22 and R502 refrigerants in low-temperature refrigeration equipment. Since R290 refrigerant is flammable and explosive, so usually only used in low-temperature refrigeration equipment with small refrigerant charge.
R290 is compatible with traditional lubricants, and used for central air conditioner, heat pump air conditioner, household air conditioner and other small refrigeration equipment.
| Item | Description |
|---|---|
| Name | propane |
| Abbreviation | R290 |
| Chemical formula | CH3CH2CH3、C3H8 |
| Molecular weight | 44 |
| Standard boiling point | -42.2℃ |
| Critical temperature | 96.7℃ |
| Critical pressure | 4.25MPa (absolute pressure) |
| ODP | 0 |
| GWP | 20 |
R600a
R600a is a hydrocarbon refrigerant with excellent performance, flammable and explosive, doesn’t damage ozone layer, no greenhouse effect.
It has large latent heat of evaporation and strong cooling capacity, good flow performance, low delivery pressure, low power consumption, and slow load temperature recovery. It is compatible with various compressor lubricants.
| Item | Description |
|---|---|
| Name | isobutane |
| Abbreviation | R600a |
| Chemical formula | CH(CH3)3、CH3-CH(CH3)-CH3 |
| Molecular weight | 58 |
| Standard boiling point | -11.7℃ |
| Critical temperature | 135℃ |
| Critical pressure | 3.6 MPa (absolute pressure) |
| Critical density | 226kg/m3 |
| Vapor density (air = 1) | 2.01 |
| CAS Number | 75-28-5 |
| ODP | 0 |
| GWP | 0 |
R433b
R433b refrigerant is a hydrocarbon refrigerant with small molecular weight, good flow performance, low delivery pressure, reduced compressor load, and extended compressor service life.
| Item | Description |
|---|---|
| Name | Mixed refrigerant (Propylene, Propane) |
| Abbreviation | R433b |
| Chemical formula | R433B，HC-433B |
| Molecular weight | 44 |
| Molar mass | 44g/mol |
| Critical temperature | 96℃ |
| Critical pressure | 4.27MPa |
| Critical density | 221 |
| CAS Number | 74-98-6/115-07-1 |
| ODP | 0 |
| GWP | 3 |
R436a
R436a is a hydrocarbon refrigerant that doesn’t damage the ozone layer and has no greenhouse effect.
Its thermal performance is similar to R134a.
| Item | Description |
|---|---|
| Name | Mixed refrigerant (R32,R125, R134a) |
| Abbreviation | R436a |
| Chemical formula | HC-436A |
| Molecular weight | 38 |
| Molar mass | 38g/mol |
| Critical temperature | 33.4℃ |
| Critical pressure | 4.27 MPa (absolute pressure) |
| Critical density | 0.17g/cm3 |
| CAS Number | 74-98-6/75-28-5 |
| ODP | 0 |
| GWP | 3 |
R407c
R407c is an eco-friendly medium and high temperature refrigerant mixed with R32, R125 and R134a, which used in various air-conditioning systems and non-centrifugal refrigeration systems.
Mainly used in household air conditioner, small and medium-sized commercial air conditioner, mobile air conditioner (car air conditioner, etc.), dehumidifiers, refrigerated dryers, marine refrigeration equipment, industrial refrigeration and other refrigeration equipment.
| Item | Description |
|---|---|
| Name | Mixed refrigerant (R125, R32, R134a) |
| Abbreviation | R407c |
| Chemical formula | HFC-407C |
| Molecular weight | 86.2 |
| Molar mass | 86.2g/mol |
| Critical temperature | 85.8℃ |
| Critical pressure | 4.6 MPa (absolute pressure) |
| Critical density | 0.4753 g/cm3 |
| CAS Number | 75-10-5/354-33-6/811-97-2 |
| Liquid density (25℃) | 1.136kg/L |
| Boiling point (101.3KPa) | -43.6℃ |
| Saturated vapor pressure (25℃) | 1174kPa |
| Latent heat of evaporation | 250kJ/kg |
| ODP | 0 |
| GWP | 1.526 |
R410a
R410A is a new type eco-friendly refrigerant that doesn’t damage the ozone layer. Its working pressure is 1.6 times that of R22.
It has high refrigeration efficiency and used as a substitute for R22.
Since R410a and R22 have different pressures (R410a pressure is much higher than R22), and the compressor oil is also different, so we forbidden to use R410a for after-sales maintenance of refrigeration equipment initially installed with R22 refrigerant.
| Item | Description |
|---|---|
| Name | Mixed refrigerant (R125 50% + R32 50%) |
| Abbreviation | R410a |
| Chemical formula | HFC-410A |
| Molecular weight | 72.6 |
| Molar mass | 72.6g/mol |
| Critical temperature | 70.5℃ |
| Critical pressure | 4.8 MPa (absolute pressure) |
| Critical density | 0.4339 g/cm3 |
| CAS Number | 75-10-5/354-33-6 |
| Liquid density (25℃) | 1.136kg/L |
| Boiling point | -51.6℃ |
| Saturated liquid density (30℃) | 1.038 g/cm3 |
| Liquid specific heat (30℃) | 1.78 [KJ/(Kg·℃)] |
| ODP | 0 |
| GWP | 2090 |
CO2
CO2 refrigerant is a natural substance. It has no destructive effect on the atmospheric ozone layer, can reduce the global greenhouse effect, doesn’t need recycle, can greatly reduce the cost of refrigerant replacement, save energy, fundamentally solve the problem of compound pollution to the environment, and has good economic efficiency.
In addition, CO2 is safe, non-toxic, non-flammable, good thermal stability. CO2 has thermal properties that are compatible with refrigeration cycles and equipment.
It has large refrigeration capacity. The unit refrigeration capacity at 0°C is 5~8 times higher than that of conventional refrigerants.
| Item | Description |
|---|---|
| Name | CO2 |
| Classification | Pure substance, natural refrigerant |
| Molecular weight | 44.01 |
| Molar mass | 44.01 g/mol |
| Standard boiling point | -40.82℃ |
| Critical temperature | 31.1℃ |
| Critical pressure | 7.38 MPa (absolute pressure) |
| Critical density | 0.468 g/cm³ |
| Boiling Point | -78.5℃ |
| Saturated Liquid Density (at 30℃) | 1.177 (20/4℃) |
| Liquid Specific Heat (at 30℃): | 0.85 KJ/(Kg·℃) |
| ODP | 0 |
| GWP | 1 |
| CAS Number | 124-38-9 |
| Evaporation Potential at Boiling Point | 345.5 KJ/Kg |
R507
R507 refrigerant doesn’t contain CFC and HCFC that damage the ozone layer. It’s a main low-temperature eco-friendly refrigerant recognized and recommended by most countries in the world.
R507 widely used in cold storage, food freezing equipment, marine refrigeration equipment, industrial low-temperature refrigeration, commercial low-temperature refrigeration, refrigerated trucks, refrigeration condensing units, supermarket display cabinets and other refrigeration equipment.
| Item | Description |
|---|---|
| Name | R507 |
| Classification | Mixture, blended refrigerant |
| Molecular weight | 98.9 |
| Molar mass | 98.9 g/mol |
| Critical temperature | 70.9℃ |
| Critical pressure | 3.79 MPa (absolute pressure) |
| Critical density | 0.485 g/cm³ |
| Boiling Point | -47.1℃ |
| Saturated Liquid Density (at 30℃) | 1.032 g/cm³ |
| Liquid Specific Heat (at 30℃): | 1.53 KJ/(Kg·℃) |
| ODP | 0 |
| GWP | 1 |
| CAS Number | 354-33-6/75-10-5 |
| Evaporation Potential at Boiling Point | 200.5 KJ/Kg |
R717
R717 (ammonia) refrigerant is easy to make, cheap, doesn’t damage the ozone layer, no greenhouse effect. Ammonia vapor is colorless and has a strong irritating odor.
Ammonia is highly toxic to the human body and can cause frostbite when ammonia liquid splashes onto the skin.
Ammonia isn’t easy to burn at room temperature, but when heated to 350°C, it decomposes into nitrogen and hydrogen. When hydrogen mixes with oxygen in the air, it will explode.
| Item | Description |
|---|---|
| Name | R717 |
| Classification | Pure substance, natural refrigerant |
| Molecular weight | 17.03 |
| Molar mass | 17.03 g/mol |
| Critical temperature | 132.4℃ |
| Critical pressure | 11.3 MPa (absolute pressure) |
| Critical density | 0.235 g/cm³ |
| Boiling Point | -33.3℃ |
| Saturated Liquid Density (at 30℃) | 0.682 g/cm³ |
| Liquid Specific Heat (at 30℃): | 4.6 KJ/(Kg·℃) |
| ODP | 0 |
| GWP | 0 |
| CAS Number | 7664-41-7 |
| Evaporation Potential at Boiling Point | 1368 KJ/Kg |
R449a
R449a is alternative to R404a refrigerant and widely used in medium and low temperature refrigeration applications such as supermarket refrigerated display cabinets, refrigerated transportation, low-temperature cold storage, industrial and commercial refrigeration systems.
| Item | Description |
|---|---|
| Name | R449A |
| Classification | Mixture, blended refrigerant |
| Molecular weight | 87.2 |
| Molar mass | 87.2 g/mol |
| Critical temperature | 81.5℃ |
| Critical pressure | 4.49 MPa (absolute pressure) |
| Critical density | 0.484 g/cm³ |
| Boiling Point | -46.3℃ |
| Saturated Liquid Density (at 30℃) | 1.07 g/cm³ |
| Liquid Specific Heat (at 30℃): | 1.53 KJ/(Kg·℃) |
| ODP | 0 |
| GWP | 1397 |
| CAS Number | 1234yf/125/134a/32 |
| Evaporation Potential at Boiling Point | 250 KJ/Kg |
R513a
R513a mainly used in medium and low temperature refrigeration equipment, such as commercial refrigeration display cabinets, chillers, supermarket refrigeration equipment, automotive air-conditioning systems and other industrial refrigeration applications.
| Item | Description |
|---|---|
| Name | R513A |
| Classification | Mixture, blended refrigerant |
| Molecular weight | 102.0 |
| Molar mass | 102.0 g/mol |
| Critical temperature | 95.0℃ |
| Critical pressure | 3.63 MPa (absolute pressure) |
| Critical density | 0.491 g/cm³ |
| Boiling Point | -29.2℃ |
| Saturated Liquid Density (at 30℃) | 1.12 g/cm³ |
| Liquid Specific Heat (at 30℃): | 1.75 KJ/(Kg·℃) |
| ODP | 0 |
| GWP | 573 |
| CAS Number | 811-97-2/754-12-1 |
| Evaporation Potential at Boiling Point | 210 KJ/Kg |
Conclusion
At last, understand the features of the common refrigerants provides valuable insights into their applications, efficiency, and environmental impact.
Select the correct refrigerant based on system requirements and long-lasting considerations, you can optimize performance while aligning with industry standards and environmental goals.
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