Cold room matches unit cooler and refrigeration unit to cool the storage items. Unit cooler has an important component—“fan motor”, the fan blades fan the air in the cold room to exchange heat with the evaporator, thereby cooling the ambient temperature.
What is Axial Fan Motor?
Axial fan motor is a ventilation device whose wind direction is parallel to the fan axis. Its working principle is to convert electrical energy into wind energy and accelerate air through rotating blades to achieve ventilation, dust removal, cooling and other effects.
Axial Fan Motor Structure
Axial fan motor mainly composed of impeller, chassis, motor and other parts.
Impeller: Impeller is the core component, consisting of blades and hub.
Chassis: Used to fix the impeller and motor, and also plays a protective role.
Motor: Motor is the power source of the axial fan motor, driving the impeller to rotate.
Axial Fan Motor Classification
According to the blade form, axial fan motor can divide into
1. Forward curved type: The blade inlet angle is ＞90°, the air volume is large, but the efficiency is low, and suitable for places with high air volume requirements.
2. Backward curved type: The blade inlet angle is ＜90°, the efficiency is high, but the air volume is small, and suitable for places with high wind pressure requirements.
3. Radial type: The blade inlet angle is 90°, and is suitable for general ventilation places.
Blade
Axial Fan Motor Features
1. Simple structure: Axial fan motor has a compact structure, easy to install, and occupy a small area.
2. Large air volume: Axial fan motor has a large air volume and is suitable for ventilation in large places.
3. Low noise: Made of high-quality materials, and noise is low.
4. High efficiency: The impeller of the axial fan motor is consistent with the direction of air flow, which reduces air flow loss and improves efficiency.
Axial Fan Motor Application
1. Industry: Ventilation, dust removal and cooling in factories, mines, tunnels and other places.
2. Construction: Ventilation and air conditioning systems in buildings.
3. Transportation: Ventilation and cooling of vehicles and ships.
4. Environmental protection: Waste gas treatment, air purification, etc.
5. Agriculture: Ventilation and cooling in cold rooms and farms.
How to Select Correct Axial Fan Motor?
Air Volume Requirement
1. Must determine required air volume. This depends on the purpose of the ventilation system and the size of the space.
2. Estimate approx. air volume requirements by calculating the space volume, ventilation times, etc.
Air Pressure Requirement
1. Consider the resistance in the system, included air duct length , curvature degree, pressure loss (caused by the filter,etc).
For example, when the air duct is long and has multiple elbows, the fan motor needs to have a higher air pressure to overcome these resistances.
Speed and Power
1. The speed affects fan motor’s performance and noise level. Generally, high speed can provide greater air volume and air pressure, but the noise may also be greater.
2. The power size is related to energy consumption. Necessarily select fan motor with appropriate power to save energy costs.
Working Environment
1. If there are special conditions such as corrosive gases, dust or high temperature in the working environment, you necessarily select fan motor with corresponding protective performance.
For example, in a chemical site, require corrosion-resistant fan motor; in a high-temperature environment, require the fan motor which can withstand high temperatures.
Noise Requirement
1. For noise-sensitive places, such as offices and hospitals, should select low-noise axial fan motor.
2. Check noise parameters of the fan motor and further reduce the noise by installing silencers and other measures.
Axial Fan Motor Use Precaution
Secure Installation
Ensure the fan motor is installed on a stable and solid foundation to prevent vibration and displacement during operation. If the installation is not secure, will cause the fan motor parts to loosen and affect its performance and lifetime.
Matchable Power Supply
Connect the power supply strictly according to the rated voltage and frequency to avoid any damage to the axial fan motor caused by unstable or mismatched power supply.
If the voltage is too high, the motor will be burnt; if the voltage is too low, the fan motor speed will be insufficient, affecting the ventilation effect.
Lubrication and Maintenance
For parts that require lubrication, add lubricant oil or grease according to the guideline to ensure the parts’ normal operation.
Avoid Overload
Don’t run axial fan motor for a long time at a load exceeding its rated load, as this will shorten its lifetime.
Protective Measures
Install protective grilles or protective covers to prevent people from accidentally touch rotating components and cause injuries.
Environment
Ensure the fan motor working environment meets its design requirements and avoid long-term operation in harsh environments such as humidity, high temperature, and corrosiveness.
For example, in highly corrosive environments such as the seaside, you necessarily select fan motor with anti-corrosion properties and maintain the protective coating.
Shutdown Operation
Follow the correct steps to shut down and avoid improper operations such as sudden power failure.
Sudden shutdown may cause impact on the motor and transmission parts.
Abnormal Handling
During operation, if any abnormal noise, vibration, temperature rise, etc, must stop the machine immediately for inspection and used again after the fault is eliminated.
Axial Fan Motor Troubleshooting
| Fault | Reason | Troubleshooting |
|---|---|---|
| Motor Doesn’t Start | Power supply failure or blown fuse | Check power source and replace blown fuses. |
| Overloaded motor | Inspect for overloading; reduce load or check for blockages in the fan. | |
| Faulty wiring | Inspect and repair/replace damaged wiring or loose connections. | |
| Motor Overheat | Overload or undersized motor | Reduce load; ensure motor capacity matches application requirements. |
| Poor ventilation or blocked air intake | Clear obstructions around motor; ensure adequate airflow for cooling. | |
| Bearing issues | Inspect and lubricate or replace bearings. | |
| Noisy Operation | Loose parts or components | Tighten bolts, screws, or any loose components on the fan motor assembly. |
| Damaged bearings or worn out parts | Check bearings for wear and replace if damage; inspect fan blades and replace. | |
| Motor Vibration | Imbalanced fan blades | Balance fan blades to reduce vibration. |
| Misalignment between motor and fan | Realign motor and fan assembly. | |
| Damaged motor mounts or foundation | Inspect motor mounts, and secure or replace if needed. | |
| Fan Motor Running Slowly | Voltage supply issue or incorrect voltage | Verify voltage matches motor specifications; address any supply issues. |
| Dirty or blocked fan blades | Clean fan blades and remove any debris blocking air flow. | |
| Excessive Power Consumption | Low voltage supply or voltage drop | Measure voltage at the motor; fix issues with supply or upgrade wiring. |
| Faulty motor windings | Perform a winding insulation resistance test; replace motor if windings are damaged. | |
| Uneven Airflow | Partially blocked fan intake | Clean intake area; remove any dust or debris obstructing airflow. |
| Damaged or deformed fan blades | Replace damaged blades to ensure smooth airflow. | |
| Improper fan placement causing backdraft issues | Ensure adequate spacing around fan; reposition if airflow is restricted by surroundings. | |
| Excessive Bearing Wear | Misalignment or imbalance causing stress on bearings | Realign motor and fan; balance load evenly. |
| Poor lubrication or inappropriate lubricant used | Lubricate with recommended lubricant at regular intervals. | |
| Motor Emits a Burning Smell | Overheating due to electrical fault or insulation damage | Inspect for signs of burnt insulation or wiring; replace motor if has burnt windings. |
Conclusion
Axial fan motors are essential components in various ventilation and cooling systems, offering high efficiency, reliability, and versatility.
Their ability to move large volumes air with minimal energy consumption makes them ideal for applications from industrial to residential use.
Proper selection, maintenance, and understanding of their performance features are key to maximize their efficiency and long lifetime.
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