All About Motor

Top quality fan motor

Content Category

We believe in the daily life, you must be in constant contact with motor, this article we want to give you some knowledge about it.

What Is A Motor?

Motor (commonly known as “electric motor”) is a kind of electromagnetic device which achieves the conversion or transmission of electric energy according to the law of electromagnetic induction. Its main function is to generate driving torque as the power source of electrical appliances or all kinds of machinery.

The main function of motor is to convert electric energy into mechanical energy.

The motor mainly consists of an electromagnet winding (or distributed stator winding) and a rotating armature (or rotor), and other accessories.

Under the action of the rotating magnetic field of the stator winding, the current passes through the armature squirrel cage aluminum frame and rotates under the action of the magnetic field.

Stator (Stationary Part)

Stator core: part of the magnetic circuit of a motor, on which stator windings are placed.

Stator winding: the circuit part of a motor that connects to alternating current to produce a rotating magnetic field.

Machine base (chassis): fix the stator core, the front, and rear end cover, to support the rotor. Play the role of protection, heat dissipation, and so on.

Rotor (Rotating Part)

Rotor core: as part of the magnetic circuit of the motor and placing the rotor winding in the core slot.

Rotor winding: cutting the rotating magnetic field of the stator, producing induced electromotive force and current, then forms electromagnetic torque to make the motor rotate.

Motor running diagram

 

Stator and rotor (for fan motor)

 

Motor section view

What Is Carbon Brush?

Carbon brushes are also called electric brushes.

They are mainly used in electrical equipment, used to transmit signals or energy between the fixed and rotating parts of some motors or generators. Its shape is rectangular, in the spring installed metal wire. Because it is a kind of sliding contact, easily worn and needs to replace and clean regularly.

The main component of a carbon brush (main material is graphite) is carbon, when pressed by a spring, the carbon brush will work likes a brush onto the rotated parts, so that is why called carbon brush.

Carbon brush

What Is A Brushed Motor?

When the motor is working, the coil and commutator rotate, but the magnetic steel and carbon brushes don’t rotate. The alternating current direction of the coil is changed by the commutator and brushes that rotate with the motor.

In the electric vehicle industry, brush motors can divide into two types: high-speed brush motor and low-speed brush motor.

Simple differences of both as: brush motor has carbon brushes, but the brushless motor doesn’t have carbon brushes.

Classification of Daily Used Motor

1. Permanent Magnet Motor

Permanent magnet motor uses a permanent magnet to provide a magnetic field.

There are two conditions for a motor to do work: one is the existence of a magnetic field, the other is the existence of a moving current in the magnetic field.

Permanent magnet motor

Permanent magnet

Permanent magnet

2. DC Motor

A DC motor is a rotating motor that converts DC electrical energy into mechanical energy (DC motor) or mechanical energy into DC electric energy (DC generator).

It is a motor that can achieve the conversion between DC electric energy and mechanical energy.

DC motor

DC motor

 

DC motor frame

DC motor structure

Usage: DC motors are generally used in circuits with low voltage requirements. DC power supplies can easily carry. For example, electric bicycles, computer fans, and radios all use DC motors.

DC motors are used as power to drive various production machinery to work and output mechanical energy to the load. In the control system, DC motors have other uses as well, such as speed motors, servo motors, etc.

Although the purposes of DC generators and DC motors are different, their structures are basically the same: both use the interaction of electricity and magnetism to realize the mutual conversion of mechanical energy and electrical energy.

3. Unidirectional Asynchronous Motor

Motor structure

Induction motor

Asynchronous motor, also known as induction motor, is a kind of AC motor that produces electromagnetic torque by the interaction between air gap rotating magnetic field and rotor winding induced current, so as to convert electromechanical energy into mechanical energy.

4. Stepper Motor

Stepper motor is an open-loop control element which converts the electric pulse signal into angular displacement or linear displacement.

Stepper motor

In the case of non-overload, the speed and stop position of the motor only depend on the frequency and pulses’ number of the pulse signal, meanwhile aren’t affected by the change of the load. When the stepper driver receives a pulse signal, it drives the stepper motor to rotate at a fixed angle in the set direction.

Controlling the number of pulses to achieve the control of angular displacement, so as to achieve the aim of accurate positioning; at the same time, controlling pulse frequency to dominate speed and acceleration of motor rotation, in order to achieve the purpose of speed regulation.

The working principle of stepper motor:

When the current flows through the stator winding, the stator winding produces a vector magnetic field.

The magnetic field will drive the rotor to rotate an angle so that the direction of the pair of magnetic fields of the rotor is consistent with that of the stator.

When the vector magnetic field of the stator rotates at an angle.

The rotor also rotates at an angle with the magnetic field.

With each input of an electric pulse, the motor rotates at an angle and takes a step forward.

The angular displacement of its output is proportional to the number of input pulses and the rotational speed is proportional to the pulse frequency.

Change the order in which the windings are electrified, and the motor will reverse.

Therefore, the rotation of the stepper motor can be controlled by the number and frequency of control pulses and the power-up sequence of each phase winding of the motor.

Tips: The following video will show how the stepper motor works.

The Differences Of Motor

1. The Difference Between DC and AC Motor

As the name implies, DC motors use DC as a power supply, and AC motor uses AC electricity as the power supply.

In structure, the principle of DC motor is relatively simple, but its structure is complex and isn’t easy to maintain.

The principle of an AC motor is complex, but its structure is relatively simple, and it is easier to maintain than a DC motor.

For the price, DC motor with the same power is higher than AC motor, including the speed control device, the DC speed regulation device are both higher than that of the AC speed regulation device.

For the performance, because the speed of DC motor is stable and the speed control is accurate, which can’t be achieved by AC motor.So in industries that have strict speed requirements, we have to use the DC motor instead of AC motor.

2. The Difference Between Synchronous Motor and Asynchronous Motor

1) Motor synchronization difference

Synchronous motor speed and electromagnetic speed synchronization, while the speed of the asynchronous motor is lower than the electromagnetic speed, synchronous motor regardless of the size of the load, as long as not out of step, the speed will not change, the speed of the asynchronous motor always follow the changes in the size of the load and change.

2) Structure differences

Synchronous motor has high precision, but complex construction, high cost, and relatively difficult maintenance.

While asynchronous motor has slow response, but easy to install and use, and cheap as well. So synchronous motor is not widely used than asynchronous motor.

Synchronous motor structure

3) The difference of using occasions

Synchronous motors are mostly used in large generators, while asynchronous motors are almost used in electric motors.

4) Main difference

Synchronous motor and asynchronous motor are with or without slip (the difference between magnetic field speed and rotor speed)

5) Different rotor structure

The rotor of the synchronous motor is a magnetic pole (permanent magnet or adding DC excitation current); the rotor of the asynchronous motor is a closed winding. The main applications of synchronous motors are in generators. The asynchronous motors are used in electric fans, washing machines, and refrigerators, etc, in daily life you will see them frequently.

6) Different working principle

Synchronous motor uses the principle of: rotor poles and stator rotating magnetic field of opposites attracting and same-sex repelling to produce electromagnetic torque; asynchronous motor uses the stator rotating magnetic field to cut the rotor winding to make the rotor produce induced electric potential and induced current, and use amperage to produce electromagnetic torque.

7) Different working speed

The synchronous motor can have electromagnetic torque only when the rotor speed is “equal” to the stator rotating magnetic field speed; the asynchronous motor can have electromagnetic torque only when the rotor speed is “not equal” to the stator rotating magnetic field speed.

3. The Difference Between Ordinary and Inverter Motor

First of all, an ordinary motor can’t be used as inverter motor.

The ordinary motor is designed by constant frequency and constant voltage, it can’t be fully adapted to the requirements of inverter speed regulation, so it can’t be used more as an inverter motor.

How to distinguish between ordinary motor and inverter motor?

1) Higher insulation level requirements

Generally, the insulation level of inverter motor is F or higher, to strengthen the insulation to ground and the strength of the wire-turn insulation, especially to consider the ability of insulation to withstand shock voltage.

2) The vibration and noise requirements of inverter motor are higher

Inverter motor should fully consider the rigidity of motor components and the whole, and try to improve its inherent frequency to avoid resonance with each force wave.

3) Different cooling methods of inverter motor

Inverter motor generally adopts forced ventilation cooling, that is, the main motor cooling fan is driven by an independent motor.

4) Different requirements of protection measures

Bearing insulation method should be adopted for inverter motors with a capacity over 160KW.

For a constant power inverter motor, when the speed exceeds 3000/min, special grease with high-temperature resistance should be used to compensate for the temperature rise of the bearing.

5) Different heat dissipation system

Inverter motor cooling fan adopts an independent power supply to ensure continuous cooling capacity.

Conclusion

From the above content, we have a basic understanding of motors and common motor problems.

In fact, we have to contact motors every day in our daily lives, just you have not paid attention to it. Such as electric shaver, computer, washing machine, dishwasher, etc.

So it is very useful for us to understand some basic knowledge about motors.

Any comments?

Welcome leave a message or repost.

 

About Author

Vic Cheung
Vic Cheung

Hi, I'm Vic! Start working in HVACR field since 2008, our main products included: air conditioning, cold room refrigeration system, water chiller, ice machine, commercial dehydrator, dehumidifier, heat pump, electric motor, and all accessories. Since joined China Speedway Group in 2012, I worked in here more than 10 years, as the general manager of export department, we have established 50+ agent in different countries and areas.
As our experience and strong technical support, we can solve your issue once you have, and our chief engineer has worked in HVACR field since 1997. I am so proud of our knowlege is more and more popular not only for engineer, and for HVACR business new comer, DIY lovers. Hope you are enjoying our articles, if any question or comments just welcome to send me marketing at cn-beyond.com

All Posts

About Our Company

China Speedway Group is a professional HVACR products’ manufacturer and wholesaler, we customize different HVACR products and spare parts, especially refrigeration products and parts. Such as air conditioning, refrigeration equipment, cold room solution, ice machine, dehumidifier, electric motor, heat exchanger,copper coil, etc.

As worked in HVACR field since 2010, we have more experiences can provide you unique products and solutions, also will supply life-span free charge of technical support. Warmly welcome inquiry us with your sample, drawing or design, our aim is making your idea come true and benefit you. 

What’s more, for our clients, we will source other products, verify the supplier, negotiate with them with free charge for you.

More About Our Products

Fan Motor

Air Conditioning

Condensing Unit

Unit Cooler

Cold Room

Dehumidifier

Ice Machine

Leave a Reply

Don’t Miss Out on the Best OEM Partner!

Ready to Work With Us?

Experience our difference and Take the first step toward a better future for your business!